Active Participation Of Community Members Research Articles

A Review of Success Factors Behind Community Action Research Program (CARP): A Case of Experiences From Smallholder Dairy Farmers of Lushoto in Tanzania

This article details steps, strategies, methods, and tools used during the project formulation, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and closure of a livestock CARP conducted in the Lushoto district of Tanzania’s Tanga Region. According to the study, CARP is a successful approach to managing agriculture-related community projects because it allows for the active participation of community members and all stakeholders, resulting in a sense of ownership and assurance of project success and sustainability. However, this work established that in order for the CARP to produce desirable results, a robust framework for organization and implementation must be in place; optimal methods of involving multiple stakeholders must be used; and strategies to ensure its sustainability must be set and agreed upon by all implementers during the implementation period.

The nexus between cultural tourism and social entrepreneurship: a pathway to sustainable community development in Nepal

ABSTRACT Cultural tourism offers a pathway to community development and poverty eradication, particularly in developing countries and poor rural communities. In order to ensure that the benefits are spread equitably across the community and that cultural and environmental integrity is maintained over time, the active participation of community members supported by outside actors is essential. This paper explores the potential for community-based cultural tourism initiatives in three different regions of Nepal through a series of interviews with 18 experts in the Nepalese tourism industry. The list of tourism programmes suggested by the interviewees was interpreted through a community-based entrepreneurship model, focusing on the processes required to produce a sustainable cultural tourism product or service. The research furthers our understanding of the tourism industry in Nepal as well as providing guidance for the implementation of sustainable cultural tourism initiatives using community-based entrepreneurship.

RECURSIVITY IN DIGITAL COLLABORATION PLATFORMS

This article investigates conditions of the reproduction of the techno-social component of recursivity with collective collaboration in the development and use of network information technologies. For this purpose, this article uses two cases that give a prototype of the institution of “governability without interference.” In the concept of the “recursive public” that underlies the first case, accessibility and changeability of the subject of its activity are important. Such conditions take place in the social environment of programmers who create and develop freely available software. In its scheme, passive and active recursive processes are distinguished. The first case is “consumption” of software by external stakeholders, while the second is about active participation of community members in its creation. Close to this concept are the ideas of “recursive organization,” “recursive citizenship,” and “recursive democracy” in a networked society. These are revealed in the second case using the example of the Decidim project. A distinctive feature of the digital political network that is being formed is the desire to meet basic requirements of radical democracy. It is shown that this orientation is largely associated with the ideas and experience of the social movement 15-M. Project participants, collaborating with each other, can consistently control the functioning of its digital platform and data, as well as modify other elements, including internal code and interface part. In the activities of the community that has developed in the project, the recursive process of creating organizational structures and their influence on the formation of the “action space” is highlighted. As in the first case, we can specify active and passive forms of recursion in the project. The understanding of technopolitical democratization, including the recursion mechanism, is disclosed. The process is presented in the form of an ontology schema. The results obtained concretize the understanding of recursivity and its impact on the development of digital collaboration platforms.

AGRARIAN ADVOCATION SYSTEM (MODEL UPAYA RESOLUSI KONFLIK AGRARIA PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA WARU BARAT)

Land conflicts have always been an arena for classical discourse and have always been attractive, especially in the midst of the weak awareness and structure of the State and society which are still low and not well managed. The community's ignorance of the procedures for land registration services actually triggers the potential for increased land conflicts or disputes among the people involved in the conflict. The purpose of this research is to find out 1) what is the role of the village head in ensuring legal certainty over land ownership rights in the community in West Waru village, 2) what is the form of community participation in ensuring legal certainty over the land of residents in West Waru Village, 3) -factors influencing community participation to guarantee and protect legal rights for land voters.
 This descriptive research is expected to produce descriptive data in the form of written words, oral people or even certain behaviors and symptoms through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data the researcher used the source triangulation technique by comparing the data from the interview results with the contents of the document.
 The results of this study show that first, the roles of the village head can be carried out through a) The role of legislation, namely the preparation of various statutory instruments for legal certainty. b) The role of administrative services, especially those concerning the aspect of land registration, so that it can be implemented with simple procedures and low cost. Second, the success of implementing village community autonomy cannot be separated from the active participation of community members both from the policy formulation and policy application stages. Among the factors that affect the level of community participation in the village of West Waru are internal factors and external factors, internal factors include 1) Consciousness or Willingness, 2) Educational Factors, 3) Income or Income Factors. External factors which include 1) Government Leadership, 2) Equipment / Facilities

Role of Early Warning Systems in Flood Disaster Preparedness: Insights from Asamankese in the West Akim Municipality of Ghana

Rampant flood disasters are increasingly causing devastating impacts of human societies. Early warning systems on the other hand are proactive ways through which the impact of flood disasters can and have been reduced in some jurisdictions. This study sought to assess household's awareness of early warning systems and how effective early warning systems are towards reducing impacts of flood disaster is Asamankese Township in the West Akim municipality of Ghana. A survey was conducted with 200 households in the township and the results show that, residents in Asamankese, a rapidly developing center of commerce in the Eastern region of Ghana, demonstrate a high level of awareness of early warning systems. The findings also show that, for early warning systems to be effective, active participation of community members must be encouraged in the design of early warning systems. There was an observed disjunction between dissemination of early warning system and residents' ability to act per the directives of early warnings received. This study hence recommended that, the local authorities, the government and other key stakeholders should engage the community and device holistic strategies that enable residents to take practical actions towards early warnings to ameliorate the adverse effect of floods.

Community Participation in Decentralized Management of Natural Resources in the Southern Region of Mali

<p class="1Body">Decentralized governance of natural resources is considered one of the key strategies for promoting sustainable management of natural resources at local level. Effective decentralized natural resource management requires strong local natural resource institutions. Therefore, strengthening local institutions governing the management of natural resources is one of the core principles of decentralization reforms in Francophone West Africa countries. This study assessed the existing local institutions (rules, norms and or local conventions) governing the management of natural resources and forms of community participation in the development of these natural resource institutions. Our findings showed significant variation within the study sites regarding the level of knowledge of existing local rules and norms governing the management of natural resources by the respondents. Results showed that the level of knowledge of local conventions was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the district of Bougouni than in the district of Koutiala (a score of 3.16 compared to 1.70 on a scale of 0 to 4).This study shows also that participation was dominated by a small group of individuals, often community leaders and elites. The results suggest that women are marginalized. Presently, the big challenge that faces the institutions governing natural resource use in the study area is the system of representativeness in the community in the development of local rules and norms as community leaders and household heads often dominate, which does not encourage active participation of community members. Therefore, for effective implementation of local natural resource institutions, the interest of key natural resource users should be taken into account. It is also important to promote rules and norms that attempt to protect or strengthen women’s access to natural resources in the community.</p>

Community - Based Participatory Research with Hispanic/Latino Leaders and Members

Hispanic/Latinos (H/L) are being studied for healthcare disparities research utilizing community - based participatory research (CBPR). CBPR’s active participation of community members and researchers suggests improvement in community health. Yet there are no known studies that inductively investigated the lived experience of H/L community leaders and members with CBPR using interpretive phenomenology. Data were obtained from observations, field notes, biographical interviews, individual interviews and focus groups. The findings supported that community members wanted to collaborate with researchers utilizing the C BPR approach so that culturally sensitive interventions can be created to encourage health - seeking behaviors in their community.

Quality of participation in community groups in Kamuli District, Uganda: implications for policy and practice

Development interventions increasingly support active participation of community members especially through community-level groups. This article explores the quality of participation in community groups in a rural setting in Uganda, focusing on how members participate and the factors that facilitate or impede their participation. Data sources included 20 in-depth group interviews and related documentary evidence. Findings indicate that members participate best in groups where material benefits and capacity building opportunities are realized, and that groups successful in achieving project objectives tend to establish networks with other stakeholders. Low trust in leadership and unsuitable leadership styles inhibit participation quality. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that development programs work with community groups to identify and address capacity gaps, support establishment of networks with other stakeholders, and pursue strategies to institutionalize and sustain changes derived from program interventions.

Revisiting Community Bidayuh Empowerment Using Abductive Research Strategy

Previous studies shows that the failure of community development in Malaysia always related with two aspects such as the emphasis on top-down approach which is the centralization of power without the active participation of community members and also a limited understanding of the needs and aspirations of the local people. Therefore the main objective of this study is to understand the meaning of empowerment from the world-view of Bidayuh community itself. This study using abductive research strategy and a phenomenology research paradigm which is based on idealist ontology and constructionist epistemology. This paradigm focuses on the lived experience of the Bidayuh Bukar community which are shaped by their own value and daily life experience. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews conducted with 50 informants. The Bidayuh understanding of empowerment was analysed from themes derived from the knowledge, experience, interpretation, action and the reaction of the Bidayuh Bukar community world view.  The findings show that the Bidayuh understanding of empowerment is a process in which power is developed, promoted, obtained, shared, simplified or adapted by individual or groups in social interaction that would allow them the ability to use internal capability themselves to do something, to take effect and make a difference in the community as a product that has been strengthened. In short, it refers to a process in which a person or a group are at a point where they are able to use the skills, ability and capacity themselves in understanding, interpreting problems and then define the requirements and translate these requirements to the process definition action through participation in the organization itself.

Using Games in Community Disaster Prevention Exercises

Currently, there is a growing interest in disaster prevention exercises such as games, debates, workshops, and “town walks” that involve the active participation of community members as an alternative to seminars in which disaster prevention experts simply share their knowledge and skills. We have developed a disaster prevention game called Crossroad for use in local disaster prevention programs. It is a group learning game, in which players read cards with a scenario written on each card. The scenarios were derived from extensive, focus-group interviews with disaster veterans of the Kobe Earthquake of 1995 that killed more than 6400 people and described the dilemmas faced by these veterans. To deal with the dilemma, each player was required to make a “Yes” or No decision on two conflicting alternatives. We used Crossroad as a part of tsunami disaster prevention, community-building workshops for citizens of Kishiwada city in Osaka, Japan. The results suggested the importance of motivating local people to find a socially “viable” solution through their own strength, rather than forcing a community to accept a universally “correct” solution prescribed in advance by outsiders. It is concluded that the Crossroad game can be used effectively as a new communication medium to promote the active participation of community members.

Design of a Community Ownership and Preparedness Index: using data to inform the capacity development of community-based groups

BackgroundCommunity mobilisation is an important component of a participatory approach to health and development interventions. However, it is challenging to define, measure and assess community participation and ownership of a...

PARTISISPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN POHUWATO

Public participation in the formation of local regulation is critical in determining the success of the development process in inonesia. Because community participation is a prerequisite in determining the success of the development process in Indonesia The successful implementation of development is inseparable from the active participation of community members in a region or city, either as part of the social system as well as the individual who is a very important part of the system of regional governance, because in principle the implementation of development in the area proposed to build a prosperous society and spiritual material in the area. The successful implementation of the development is inseparable from the active participation of community members in a region or city, either as part of the social system as well as the individual who is a very important part of the system of local government, because in principle the implementation of development in the area proposed to build a prosperous society and material spiritual in that area.

Using Games in Community Disaster Prevention Exercises

Currently, there is a growing interest in disaster prevention exercises such as games, debates, workshops, and “town walks” that involve the active participation of community members as an alternative to seminars in which disaster prevention experts simply share their knowledge and skills. We have developed a disaster prevention game called Crossroad for use in local disaster prevention programs. It is a group learning game, in which players read cards with a scenario written on each card. The scenarios were derived from extensive, focus-group interviews with disaster veterans of the Kobe Earthquake of 1995 that killed more than 6400 people and described the dilemmas faced by these veterans. To deal with the dilemma, each player was required to make a “Yes” or No decision on two conflicting alternatives. We used Crossroad as a part of tsunami disaster prevention, community-building workshops for citizens of Kishiwada city in Osaka, Japan. The results suggested the importance of motivating local people to find a socially “viable” solution through their own strength, rather than forcing a community to accept a universally “correct” solution prescribed in advance by outsiders. It is concluded that the Crossroad game can be used effectively as a new communication medium to promote the active participation of community members.

Pesquisa na enfermagem brasileira: esse é o momento para mudanças?

Sou uma enfermeira brasileira e tenho trabalhado como professora e pesquisadora nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) nos últimos nove anos. Minha linha de pesquisa está focada na Saúde Mental e sua relação com a cultura, mais especificamente a depressão entre mães e crianças de origem latina e de baixa renda que vivem em áreas rurais do estado da Flórida. O foco desta pesquisa é consistente com a redução das disparidades em saúde em minorias de baixa renda, uma meta do programa “Healthy People – 2010”(1). Os resultados da minha pesquisa devem contribuir com os dados de Saúde Mental apresentados nos Principais Indicadores de Saúde 2010(1). Em concordância com a abordagem da Pesquisa Ação, a minha pesquisa busca envolver a participação ativa dos membros da comunidade (professores, pessoas ligadas a igrejas, profissionais do departamento de saúde pública e mães da comunidade onde atuamos) em todas as etapas do projeto. Além disso, dois outros pesquisadores também fazem parte do meu grupo de pesquisa; sendo uma psicóloga infantil e uma professora especializada em ensino bilíngue.O processo de transição para a vida nos EUA tem sido desafiador, uma vez que meu coração permanece no Brasil. A tecnologia, entretanto, permite-me o privilégio de manter frequentes contatos e colaboração com colegas brasileiros que trabalham na universidade e na área assistencial. Meu objetivo neste editorial é destacar tópicos atuais de pesquisa que merecem atenção e promover a discussão entre enfermeiros.Obviamente os enfermeiros brasileiros têm enfrentado as complexidades do cuidado à saúde do século XXI e trabalhado na geração de professionais com pensamento mais crítico e na formação de pesquisadores que continuarão nesta trajetória. Um estudo recente sobre a pesquisa da enfermagem Latino-Americana apontou que os enfermeiros brasileiros são os mais produtivos na publicação de artigos em periódicos de enfermagem Latino-Americanos(2). Em 2007, ao participar do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem (CBEn – Brasília), fiquei impressionada ao ver a participação maciça de alunos (graduação e pós graduação) apresentando seus trabalhos. Segundo Mancia et al(3) desde 2001 mais de 50% dos participantes do CEBEn são estudantes. Isto mostra claramente que a cultura da pesquisa está se iniciando precocemente no processo educacional e tem uma sólida fundamentação na enfermagem profissional. Estes são avanços positivos e interessantes.Acredito que a discussão dos três temas seguintes poderá contribuir para o avanço de nossa missão profissional: 1) pesquisa focada no cliente, 2) agenda formal de pesquisa em enfermagem, e 3) estímulo a pesquisas interdisciplinares. Evidências obtidas a partir de pesquisas de intervenções inovadoras, focadas no cliente, podem incrementar substancialmente a contribuição para a prática baseada em evidências. Sequencialmente, pergunto: qual a estratégia atual para a construção de uma agenda formal de pesquisa em enfermagem para as diferentes regiões do Brasil? Tal agenda pode servir como uma ferramenta importante para orientar a pesquisa em enfermagem e sua aplicação, reconhecendo as diferenças sociais, econômicas e culturais em um país nas dimensões do Brasil. Uma agenda formal pode também gerar mudanças positivas no campo político e social da profissão. Finalmente, parece que a maior parte das pesquisas em enfermagem e das publicações no Brasil são produtos de colaboração entre colegas enfermeiros e estudantes de enfermagem, apesar do importante papel da colaboração interdisciplinar como parte de nosso modelo teórico de enfermagem. Minha experiência em pesquisa continua a me ensinar o valor da colaboração interdisciplinar. Ao longo do tempo, entretanto, aprendi que para promover a sustentabilidade dos programas de saúde e a transformação social da comunidade, o trabalho colaborativo com os clientes é de valor inestimável considerando que eles são os verdadeiros agentes de mudança.Como sabemos, as mudanças em qualquer profissão exigem uma profunda discussão, planejamento e ação. Espero que os temas aqui apresentados possam ser úteis para fortalecer este processo. REFERÊNCIAS1. Healthy People 2010 [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services (USA) [cited 05 out 2009]. Available from: http://www.healthypeople.gov.2. Mendoza-Parra S, Paravic-Klijn T, Muñoz-Muñoz AM, Barriga OA, Jiménez- Contreras E. Visibility of Latin American nursing research (1959–2005). J Nurs Scholarsh. 2009;41(1):54–63.3. Mancia JR, Padilha MICS, Ramos FRS, Cordova FP, Amaral NV. Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem: sessenta anos de história. Rev Bras Enferm. 2009;62(3):471-9.

One solution to the arsenic problem: a return to surface (improved dug) wells.

Arsenic contamination in drinking-water in Bangladesh is a major catastrophe, the consequences of which exceed most other man-made disasters. The national policy encourages the use of surface water as much as possible without encountering the problems of sanitation that led to the use of groundwater in the first place. This paper describes the success of the Dhaka Community Hospital (DCH) team and the procedure in implementing sanitary, arsenic-free, dugwells. The capital cost for running water is US$ 5-6 per person. Sixty-six sanitary dugwells were installed in phases between 2000 and 2004 in Pabna district of Bangladesh where there was a great need of safe water because, in some villages, 90% of tubewells were highly contaminated with arsenic. In total, 1,549 families now have access to safe arsenic-free dugwell water. Some of them have a water-pipe up to their kitchen. All of these were implemented with active participation of community members. They also pay for water-use and are themselves responsible for the maintenance and water quality. The DCH helped the community with installation and maintenance protocol and also with monitoring water quality. The bacteria levels are low but not always zero, and studies are in progress to reduce bacteria by chlorination.

The Case of the Radio Communication Project in Nepal: A Culture-Centered Rejoinder

The authors set out to examine the claim made that the Radio Communication Project in Nepal provided a participatory platform for community members and demonstrated using the culture-centered approach that so-called participatory health education efforts such as the Radio Communication Project are not too different from the top-down models of health education in the realm of opportunities of democratic participation of communities. The culture-centered approach interrogates the logic of success as defined within the realm of effectiveness of health education programs and it suggests that we seek out alternative paradigms for constituting and evaluating health education efforts. The goals of the culture-centered approach are to examine the ways in which health education and promotion efforts respond to the needs of the community and the extent to which community members voices are present within the discursive space; the key element here is the identification of community needs as articulated by the members of the community through the active participation of community members in dialogical platforms where they have opportunities to voice their concerns. (excerpt)

Mortality and Ambient Fine Particles in Southwest Mexico City, 1993-1995

Children are highly susceptible to deleterious effects of environmental toxins. Those who live in underserved communities may be particularly at risk because environmental pollution has been found to be disproportionately distributed among communities. Mounting evidence suggests that asthma rates are rising and that this disease can be caused or aggravated by air pollution. Although ambient air quality has generally improved, these improvements have not reached minority communities in equal proportions. This and other data has fueled the concept of environmental justice or environmental equity, which has led to community activism and government actions. One possible example of environmental inequity and its consequences is the Hunt's Point community, in the South Bronx, New York. This community experiences a high pollution burden with the siting of facilities that emit hazardous wastes into the air. Our approach to this problem has been the formation of mechanisms for bidirectional communication between community residents, government entities, and academic institutions such as Mount Sinai Medical Center. As a result of this experience, we believe that the key to achieving environmental health, especially in communities of color where many children are at risk, is to empower residents to take charge of their environment by providing relevant educational opportunities. Strategies for environmental health education include multitiered training approaches that include community residents, parent education, direct children education, and community education through professional counselors and train-the-trainer approaches. We propose that academic researchers must use community residents not just as subjects of our studies, but to increase our mutual understanding of environmental health, resulting in active participation of community members in research design, data collection, analysis, and dissemination of results in order to make intervention strategies more effective.

Environmental health sciences education--a tool for achieving environmental equity and protecting children.

Children are highly susceptible to deleterious effects of environmental toxins. Those who live in underserved communities may be particularly at risk because environmental pollution has been found to be disproportionately distributed among communities. Mounting evidence suggests that asthma rates are rising and that this disease can be caused or aggravated by air pollution. Although ambient air quality has generally improved, these improvements have not reached minority communities in equal proportions. This and other data has fueled the concept of environmental justice or environmental equity, which has led to community activism and government actions. One possible example of environmental inequity and its consequences is the Hunt's Point community, in the South Bronx, New York. This community experiences a high pollution burden with the siting of facilities that emit hazardous wastes into the air. Our approach to this problem has been the formation of mechanisms for bidirectional communication between community residents, government entities, and academic institutions such as Mount Sinai Medical Center. As a result of this experience, we believe that the key to achieving environmental health, especially in communities of color where many children are at risk, is to empower residents to take charge of their environment by providing relevant educational opportunities. Strategies for environmental health education include multitiered training approaches that include community residents, parent education, direct children education, and community education through professional counselors and train-the-trainer approaches. We propose that academic researchers must use community residents not just as subjects of our studies, but to increase our mutual understanding of environmental health, resulting in active participation of community members in research design, data collection, analysis, and dissemination of results in order to make intervention strategies more effective.